以香港的情況為例,如果我們將廢電池與都市固體廢物一同棄置,這些廢物將被放置在三個策略性堆填區,若電池內的重金屬流出,便會釋放有毒化學物,增加堆填區的毒性水平。這些重金屬會污染地下土壤和水層,進入生態食物鏈後,更會產生生物蓄積性和生物放大作用等影響,即有毒化學物質在生物體內累積並產生越來越高的濃度,直接影響人體健康。
妥善地處理廢舊電池可以有效地減少電池內重金屬洩漏對環境產生的污染及影響。此外,廢電池內含的金屬屬可再生資源,經提取後更可重用。一般的廢電池處理程序包括預審、翻新、拆解、回收和處置等步驟。
為確保處理過程中化學品不會洩漏對環境及工作人員的安全做成影響,過程中需特別注意防漏程序的監控,包括檢查殘餘電荷以防止觸電、防止電解質和電極的洩漏控制等,以免在運輸和拆除過程中漏出有害物質,影響環境及危害工作人員的健康。
在處理過程中,用過的廢棄電池將會被拆開,並依據其內裡的物質如金屬,塑料和電解質分拆開,並分別運送至各種物料的回收商。每個處理程序及步驟都以環境和安全為首要考慮點而進行,亦附合香港環境保護署廢物處置條例和國際巴塞爾公約的規定。
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