「由始至終」的化學廢物「運載紀錄」

在香港，處理化學廢物的所有過程皆由環境保護署監管。而一件化學廢物的整個生命週期，亦即從產生、收集、以至運送至收集點，都是根據香港法例第三五四章廢物處置條例所公布的廢物處置(化學廢物)(一般)規例所監管。

而廢物產生者、廢物收集者和終點處置設施都必須經由環保署發牌，而全個運送過程亦由環保署監管，須符合「由始至終」的化學廢物管理方式。


 「由始至終」的化學廢物管理方式

為了進一步減少非法傾銷和不恰當的棄置化學廢物，環保署更特別採用一套特別的「運載紀錄」系統。在產生和處置化學廢物前，化學廢物產生者需向環保署登記，登記以後，廢物產生者需要填寫一組稱為「運載紀錄」、一式三分的表格，才可委託合資格的化學廢物收集者，將化學廢物移離該處。根據這一制度，一式三分的「運載紀錄」，第一分副本將由廢物產生者保管、第二分副本將由廢物收集者在廢物運送至接收點後保管，而原本的存根則將由廢物接收點（處置設施）保存。



所有有關清理、處置以及運送化學廢物的活動，只可委託由環保署批准的合資格的持牌化學廢物收集者。而在收集廢物後，收集者必須在48小時內將廢物轉移到廢物接收點（處置設施）。

正昌是唯一通過ISO14001認證、而又可同時為廢物生產者提供一個一站式和最終解決方案的化學廢物收集者及接收設施。我們的業務範圍包括收集廢潤滑油、廢非鹵化溶劑、含油廢水、布碎、油隔、吉罐、廢油漆罐、光管及電池等固態化學廢物。正昌提供一站式的化學廢物處置服務，除了收集，我們更領有環保署簽發的化學廢物處置設置牌照，整個業務操作完全符合環保署的要求。

為使客戶安心，我們對「運載紀錄」系統極為重視，所有化學廢物的清理、處置以及運送活動都紀錄在案，亦保證所有的化學廢物將得到妥善處理，在我們位於元朗工業邨的化學廢物處理及回收中心，有用和可回收物料將經提取、分類後將再運送至各物料的回收中心。為增加透明度，我們亦會因應個別客戶的要求，供他們查閱「運載紀錄」。

 一式三分的「運載紀錄」︰白色為原本存根，由廢物處置設施保存；黃色為廢物收集者存根；粉紅色則為廢物產生者存根。

Proper storage of chemical waste

Under the Waste Disposal Ordinance (Cap.354) - Waste Disposal Regulations, Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department has defined chemical waste as any substance or thing being scrap material, effluent, or an unwanted substance or by-product arising from the application of or in the course of any process or trade activity, and which is or contains any substance or chemical specified in the prescribed schedule if such substance or chemical occurs in such form (http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/guide_ref/files/guide_e.pdf), quantity or concentration so as to cause pollution, constitute a danger to health or risk of pollution to the environment.

Chemical waste should be properly and temporarily stored by the waste producer before the waste is transferred by the waste collector to a licensed treatment provider. There are certain criteria should be applied to the containers for temporary chemical waste storage, including its material, condition, etc. Such containers should be placed in a suitable area located close to the waste generation source for temporary storage and the containers should be either drums or jerricans type. The size of the containers should be determined according to the quantity and frequency of chemical waste to be stored. Common types of materials to be used for the containers include plastics and steel.

The storage area should be enclosed on at least three sides by partition, wall or fence with a height of not less than two metres or the total height of containers in stack, whichever is less. Such enclosures should be built with concrete, brick of steel with fixed erection to the areas. In addition, appropriate labeling should also be applied for accurate indication to ensure proper and safe handling, storage and transport of the waste.

Source: Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department















For specific details regarding Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department's guideline of chemical waste storage, please visit: http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/guide_ref/guide_cwc.html

妥善儲存化學廢物

根據“廢物處置條例”（第354章） - “廢物處置條例”，香港環境保護署界定化學廢物為應用於或進行任何工序或活動期間所產生的廢料、廢水或無用的殘餘物質或副產品，而此等物品中，含有規例附表內開列的物質或化學物品 (http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/tc_chi/environmentinhk/waste/guide_ref/guide_cwc_sub1.html)，而其形態、份量及濃度又足以危害人體健康或污染自然環境。

在化學廢物轉移交至合資格的廢物處理處之前，廢物產生者必須暫時及妥善存放廢物。而暫時存放化學廢物的容器，則有一定的規格標準，包括物料、尺寸等。化學廢物容器應置於一個合適的地方，用於臨時儲放，容器大多是鼓或罐型。容器的大小應根據廢物的數量和頻率而定。常見的容器材質類型包括塑膠和鋼。

容器的存儲地方應至少有三面圍以牆壁、間隔或圍欄，其高度不低於兩米或相等於堆叠起的容器總高度，以較低者為準。圍壁可以混凝土、磚、鋼等物料建造。另外，適當的標籤也可以確保廢物能被妥善安全地處理、貯存和運送。

資料來源：香港環境保護署

有關存放化學廢物的具體細節，請參閱香港環境保護署的指引：
http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/tc_chi/environmentinhk/waste/guide_ref/guide_cwc.html

Impacts of oil to us

Lubricants are used in many types of machinery during the day-to-day operation in various industrial and commercial activities. Used oil is, simply put, any oil that has been refined from crude oil and such use leads physical and/ or chemical contamination. During normal use, Impurities including dirt, metal particles, water, as well as other chemicals may be blended in with the oil, causing diminishing performance. These lubricating oils are classified as a type of chemical waste because it has been proven to have severe adverse impacts on the environment if dispose of improperly.

Chemistry of oil

Petroleum and its related products are made up with hydrocarbons, which are by its name, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen. The simplest molecule of hydrocarbon is methane, the main component of natural gas. With the extension of additional carbon and hydrogen atoms, longer chains will be formed. In the case of lubricating oils, each molecule contains from 20 to 70 carbon atoms. These molecules are found to be particularly stable and will never be diminished. That is to say, replacing depleted additives within the oil is the key and crucial step to refine the used oil.

Impacts to environment and human health

Numerous toxic substances are found in spent oil, these toxins are uneasy to be degraded once enter the environment. For instance, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in used motor oil have been proven to be a carcinogen. Tiny metal scrapings from the engine compartment such as lead, arsenic, and zinc will also blended into the oils during operations. In addition, exposure to heat during engine combustion will also alter the chemical structures of the oil. Leakages, spillages, or improper handling of lubricating oils will enter the local water bodies unavoidably, through manmade drains or channels to streams, rivers, lakes, underground water tables and even reaching the ocean. At the end of the day, poisoning our drinking water sources and marine animals that we may consume ourselves.

為何要回收廢棄電池

跟世界各地許多城市一樣，香港也正面對如何妥善地處理廢棄電池這個問題。電池內的化學物質不僅會危害環境，也會影響我們的健康。然而，隨著我們對物質慾望的增加，電子儀器的需求在不斷上升，越來越多的廢電池因而產生。不正確和不負責任地丟棄廢電池及將它們與生活垃圾一起處理都會對生態系統造成惡性影響，因為電池中含有大量有害化學物質，如鎘、鉛、汞和鎳等重金屬。

以香港的情況為例，如果我們將廢電池與都市固體廢物一同棄置，這些廢物將被放置在三個策略性堆填區，若電池內的重金屬流出，便會釋放有毒化學物，增加堆填區的毒性水平。這些重金屬會污染地下土壤和水層，進入生態食物鏈後，更會產生生物蓄積性和生物放大作用等影響，即有毒化學物質在生物體內累積並產生越來越高的濃度，直接影響人體健康。

妥善地處理廢舊電池可以有效地減少電池內重金屬洩漏對環境產生的污染及影響。此外，廢電池內含的金屬屬可再生資源，經提取後更可重用。一般的廢電池處理程序包括預審、翻新、拆解、回收和處置等步驟。

為確保處理過程中化學品不會洩漏對環境及工作人員的安全做成影響，過程中需特別注意防漏程序的監控，包括檢查殘餘電荷以防止觸電、防止電解質和電極的洩漏控制等，以免在運輸和拆除過程中漏出有害物質，影響環境及危害工作人員的健康。

在處理過程中，用過的廢棄電池將會被拆開，並依據其內裡的物質如金屬，塑料和電解質分拆開，並分別運送至各種物料的回收商。每個處理程序及步驟都以環境和安全為首要考慮點而進行，亦附合香港環境保護署廢物處置條例和國際巴塞爾公約的規定。